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Turkish folk music (''Türk Halk Müziği'') combines the distinct cultural values of all civilisations that have lived in Turkey and its former territories in Europe and Asia. Its unique structure includes regional differences under one umbrella. It was the most popular music genre in the Ottoman Empire era. After the foundation of the Turkish Republic, Atatürk asked to make a wide-scale classification and archiving of samples of Turkish folk music from around the country, which was launched in 1924 and continued until 1953 to collect around 10,000 folk songs. In the 1960s, Turkish folk music met with radio and folk musicians like Aşık Veysel, Neşet Ertaş, Bedia Akartürk became the most popular names of the Turkish folk music. In the 1970s and 1980s, with the rising popularity of arabesque and Turkish light western, Turkish folk music has lost some ground, but singers like Belkıs Akkale, İzzet Altınmeşe, Selda Bağcan and Arif Sağ made successful hit songs and became important representatives of the genre. ==Varieties of style, scales, and rhythm== Music accompanied by words can be classified under the following headings: ''Türkü'' (folksongs), ''Koşma'' (free-form folk songs about love or nature), ''Semai'' (folk song in Semai poetic form), ''Mani'' (a traditional Turkish quatrain form), ''Dastan'' (epic), ''Deyiş'' (speech), ''Uzun Hava'' (long melody), ''Bozlak'' (a folk song form), ''Ağıt'' (a lament), ''Hoyrat'', ''Maya'' (a variety of Turkish folksong), ''Boğaz Havası'' (throat tune), ''Teke Zorlatması'', ''Ninni'' (lullaby), ''Tekerleme'' (a playful form in folk narrative), etc. These are divided into free-forms or improvisations with no obligatory metrical or rhythmic form, known as "Uzun Hava", and those that have a set metrical or rhythmic structure, known as "Kırık Havalar" (broken melodies). Both can also be employed at the same time. Music generally played without words, and dance tunes, go by the names ''Halay'', ''Bengi'', ''Karsilamas'', ''Zeybek'', ''Horon'', ''Bar'', etc. Each region in Turkey has its own special folk dances and costumes. Here are some of the most popular: *Hora - A type of circle dance, also known as Syrtos. *Horon - This dance is from Black Sea region, was performed by men only living in Trabzon, dressed in black with silver trimmings. Today, the dancers link arms and quiver to the vibrations of the kemenche (an instrument similar to violin). *Kasap Havası/Hasapiko - *Kaşık Oyunu - The Spoon Dance is performed from Konya to Silifke and consists of gaily dressed male and female dancers 'clicking' out the dance rhythm with a pair of wooden spoons in each hand. *Kılıç Kalkan - The Sword and Shield Dance of Bursa represents the Ottoman conquest of the city. It is performed by men only, in Ottoman battle-dress, who dance to the sound of clashing swords and shields, without music. *Zeybek - In this Aegean dance, dancers, called "efe", symbolize courage and heroism. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Turkish folk music」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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